ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Self-care of diabetes is an essential part for controlling the disease and improvement of quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to analyze the associated factors of quality of life in patients with T2DM in order to design effective interventions. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 T2DM patients referred to health centers of Chaldoran, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. The quality of life's questionnaires from World Health Organization and the self-care behaviors' questionnaires were used for data collection. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 46.30% and 53.30% of them were male. Among demographic variables, gender (P=0.002), age groups (P=0.007), and household monthly income (P=0.009) were significantly associated with total quality of life. Also, self-care nutrition (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; P=0.001), self-management of blood glucose control (OR, 1.29; P=0.002), and self-medication behavior (OR, 1.18; P=0.030) were identified as factors significantly associated with quality of life. CONCLUSION: Self-care behaviors were significantly associated with quality of life; among them, the greatest influence was observed in self-care nutrition behavior. According to the findings of this study, appropriate interventions on self-care behaviors about nutrition can improve the quality of life for T2DM patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Azerbaijan , Blood Glucose , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Family Characteristics , Iran , Quality of Life , Self Care , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
Objectives: To validate the triage ratings performed by the Electronic Triage System [ETS] using hospitalization, length of stay, resource use, in-hospital mortality and patient bills as outcome measures
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study the medical records of 387 patients were reviewed in a one-week period. The data included triage category and the outcome measures were hospitalization, length of stay, in-hospital mortality, patient bill, and used resources. The association between the triage category and hospitalization and death was assessed. The association between the triage category and the number of resources, length of stay, and the bill was also assessed
Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.65+/-21.17 years. Women comprised 40% [n=155] of 387 people who were included in the study. The frequency of Emergency Severity Index [ESI] 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 categories were 18, 61, 127, 181 and 0 respectively. Phi and Cramer's V for hospitalization and death were 0.365 [p<0.001] and 0.305 [p<0.001]
Spearman's rho for bill, length of stay, and resource use were -0.483 [p<0.001], -0.228 [p<0.001] and -0.490 [p<0.001]
The association between triage category and resource consumption was stronger than other outcomes
Conclusion: The ETS was valid in predicting all studied patient outcomes. The ETS has also the advantages of providing quick reports, giving feedback and providing data for research purposes?
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine the epidemiology of injuries of the motorcyclists in road traffic accidents [RTIs] between 2008 and 2014 in East Azarbayejan province of Iran
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in East Azerbaijan province in Imam Reza hospital on motorcyclists subjected to injuries in RTIs between 2008 and 2014. Demographic characteristics [age, sex], duration of hospitalization, final status of injured people after discharge from the hospital, admission ward, number of admissions due to injuries in RTIs, nature of injury, and the clinical services provided to injured people were gathered from hospital information system [HIS]
Demographic characteristics [age, sex], duration of hospitalization, final status of injured people after discharge from the hospital, admission ward, number of admissions due to injuries in RTIs, injured site of the body, nature of injury, and the clinical services provided injured people were gathered from HIS. Standardized data collection form was used for uniform handling of the data
Results: Most of the victims [94.4%] were male. The most frequent injuries pertained to the age group of 18-30 with 1676 [51.4%] injuries. Head, abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine, and pelvis, were the most common injured sites, respectively. Reduction of fracture and dislocation and cranial puncture were the most common provided services
The lowest survival time belonged to the age group over 60 years old
Conclusion: Injuries to the head are the most prevalent injuries among motorcyclists in RTIs. So it is suggested that proper interventions be implemented to ensure wearing helmet by motorcyclist and pillion passengers
ABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the inter-rater reliability of triages performed by the Electronic Triage System [ETS] which has recently developed and used in hospital emergency department [ED]
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively and studied 408 visitors of Tabriz Imam Reza hospital's ED. The variables of interest were age, sex, nurse-assigned triage category, physician-assigned triage category, disease type [trauma, non-trauma], and the referred room within the ED. Cohen's un-weighted kappa, linear weighted kappa, and quadratic weighted kappa were used to describe the reliability
Results: Un-weighted kappa observed to be 0.186 [95% CI: 0.123-0.249]. Linear weighted kappa observed as 0.317 [95% CI: 0.251-0.384] and quadratic weighted kappa as 0.462 [95% CI: 0.336-0.589]. In general, low agreement was seen between the triage nurses and ED physicians. For trauma patients and for those who were referred to the cardiopulmonary resuscitation room [CPR], all three types of kappa were higher than other visitors of the ED
Conclusion: Inter-rater reliability of the triages performed by the ETS observed as ranging from poor to moderate. Implementing interventions that would create a common language between nurses and physicians about the triage of the ED visitors seems necessary. The more agreement on the triage of trauma and CPR patients might be due to their condition and the more attention to them
ABSTRACT
The development of a therapeutic vaccine against human papillomavirus [HPV] is important for the control of cervical cancer. E7 is the major transforming protein produced in cervical cancers, and therefore represents potential tumor-specific antigen that could be the target of immunotherapy for cervical cancer. Among different vaccine strategies, protein-based vaccines are capable of generating CD8+ T cell responses in vaccinated animals and humans. Recently, development of novel strategies that enhance protein vaccine potency is important for generation of effective cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. Heat shock proteins [HSPs] including Gp96 have been shown to act as potent immuno-adjuvant to enhance antigen-specific tumor immunity. Therefore, the HSP-based protein vaccines can be administered by fusing antigens to HSPs, in vitro. It has been known that the HSP fragments [e.g., N-/or C-terminal regions] as mini-chaperones are better choice for immunization. The most straightforward method to produce large amounts of recombinant protein suitable for a vaccine is to clone the gene into a prokaryotic expression vector and produce the protein in Escherichia coli. In current study, we describe cloning of the HPV16 E7 gene linked to C-terminal fragment of gp96, identification and purification of the resultant E7-CT [gp96] fusion protein for next usage as a potential vaccine candidate protein against HPV in a pre-clinical trial. The recombinant E7-CT [gp96] migrated as a 51 kDa protein in SDS-PAGE. In Western blot experiment, the existence of a 51 kDa band for rE7-CT [gp96] was confirmed by rabbit anti-His as well as mouse anti-HPV16 E7 monoclonal antibodies. The protein of interest was both in the insoluble and the soluble fraction; therefore, purification was performed under denaturating and native conditions by affinity chromatography on Ni-NTA resin using 6xHis-tag